Dry scalp and dandruff often get lumped together, but they’re actually different issues. “Dandruff is caused by a skin condition called seborrheic dermatitis, which is linked to a yeast called Malassezia that naturally lives on the skin,” says Iris Rubin, MD, a board-certified dermatologist. “For dryness and flaking caused by seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff shampoos, which include ingredients such as ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, salicylic acid, or zinc pyrithione, can be a big help.”
A dry, flaky scalp, however, might be triggered by something else entirely—like contact dermatitis or a reaction to hair products. With that in mind, treating a dry scalp as if it’s dandruff might not help—and, in some cases, could even make it worse. “If you’re unsure whether your dry, itchy scalp is due to dry skin, seborrheic dermatitis, or contact dermatitis, it’s best to schedule an appointment with a dermatologist,” says Dr. Rubin.
